Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

<h1>Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)</h1>

<p><b>Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)</b> is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around <b>objects</b> rather than functions and logic. Objects represent real-world entities and contain both data and behavior.</p>

<h2>Core Concepts of OOP</h2>

<ul>

<li><b>Class</b> – A blueprint used to create objects.</li>

<li><b>Object</b> – An instance of a class.</li>

<li><b>Encapsulation</b> – Binding data and methods together and restricting direct access.</li>

<li><b>Abstraction</b> – Hiding internal implementation details and showing only essential features.</li>

<li><b>Inheritance</b> – Acquiring properties and behavior from another class.</li>

<li><b>Polymorphism</b> – Ability to take multiple forms using the same interface.</li>

</ul>

<h2>Why Use OOP?</h2>

<p>OOP makes programs easier to understand, maintain, and scale by modeling real-world relationships.</p>

<h2>Benefits of OOP</h2>

<ul>

<li>Improved code reusability</li>

<li>Better organization and modularity</li>

<li>Easier debugging and maintenance</li>

<li>Scalable application design</li>

</ul>

<h2>Real-World Example</h2>

<p>A <b>Car</b> class may contain properties like color, speed, and model, along with methods such as accelerate() and brake(). Each car object created from the class behaves independently.</p>

<h2>OOP vs Procedural Programming</h2>

<ul>

<li>Procedural programming focuses on functions.</li>

<li>OOP focuses on objects and interactions.</li>

</ul>

<h2>Languages Supporting OOP</h2>

<ul>

<li>Java</li>

<li>C++</li>

<li>Python</li>

<li>C#</li>

</ul>

<h2>Limitations of OOP</h2>

<ul>

<li>Higher memory usage</li>

<li>Complex design for small programs</li>

</ul>

<p>OOP is widely used in modern software development due to its ability to model complex systems efficiently.</p>